Wythe's Library

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George Wythe supported his voracious reading habits with an extensive personal library[1] but, if he made any record of its contents, that has not been found. When Wythe died in 1806, he bequeathed all his books to his favorite protégé, Thomas Jefferson.[2] For 200 years, very little was known about Wythe's library other than its existence within Jefferson's massive collection.

Colonial Williamsburg attempted to identify specific titles as early as 1958 when Mary R.M. Goodwin, a senior researcher at the Rockefeller Library, wrote The George Wythe House: Its Furniture and Furnishings. Goodwin listed 54 titles and divided them into three categories: law books, journals, and miscellaneous. Within these categories, Goodwin identified several of the known surviving Wythe volumes. Goodwin's research laid the foundation for another Colonial Williamsburg attempt at reconstructing Wythe's library. In an internal memo[3], Barbara C. Dean expanded Goodwin's list to 189 titles by utilizing the published papers of Wythe's students and adding titles illustrative of the time.

Until 2008, the Goodwin and Dean bibliographies represented the extent of known information regarding Wythe's library. That changed with the discovery by Endrina Tay, a librarian at Monticello's Jefferson Library, and Jeremy Dibbell of the Massachusetts Historical Society, of a manuscript list in the hand of Thomas Jefferson which appeared to document dispersal decisions Jefferson made regarding Wythe's books.[4] Jefferson's inventory identifies 338 titles (649 volumes) with brief notations. In some cases, specific titles and editions can be derived from Jefferson's entries. In other instances, mystery remains.[5]

Tay and Dibbell's discovery led to the creation of two further bibliographies: George Wythe on LibraryThing which combines titles from the Jefferson inventory with other known items, and "The Library of George Wythe of Williamsburg and Richmond", an unpublished compilation by Bennie Brown from the Bookpress Ltd. in Williamsburg.[6] Brown conducted extensive research, visiting each of the libraries with known or suspected Wythe volumes. He also combed primary sources, including the published legal records of Wythe's decisions and his arguments for the plaintiff in Bolling v. Bolling. The most recent version of Brown's bibliography includes 478 titles and provides much of the substantiating evidence for the Wolf Law Library's George Wythe Collection.

Art

Astrology

Case Reports, Digests, and Statutes

England

Abridgments

  • Bacon, Matthew. A New Abridgment of the Law. 3rd ed. corrected. London: Printed by His Majesty's Law-Printers for J. Worrall and Co. ..., 1768. Held by W&M Law Library.

Court of Chancery

  • Great Britain. Court of Chancery. Cases Argued and Decreed in the High Court of Chancery. 3rd ed. London, In the Savoy: Printed by C. and R. Nutt and R. Gosling for J. Walthoe, 1735. Wythe copy possibly held by the Library of Congress.
  • Great Britain. Court of Chancery. The Second Part of Cases argued and decreed in the High Court of Chancery continued from the Thirtieth Year of King Charles II to the Fourth Year of King James II. 2nd ed. London, In the Savoy, 1734. Wythe copy possibly held by the Library of Congress.
  • Great Britain. Court of Chancery. Select Cases Argued and Adjudged in the High Court of Chancery, Before the Late Lords Commissioners of the Great Seal and the Late Lord Chancellor King, from the year 1724 to 1733 with Two Tables, One of the Names of the Cases, and the Other of the Principal Matters. London, In the Savoy: Printed by E. and R. Nutt, and R. Gosling for H. Lintot, D. Browne, and J. Shuckburgh, 1740.
  • Great Britain. Court of Chancery. The Third Part of Reports of Cases, Taken and Adjudged in the Court of Chancery, in the Reigns of King Charles II, King William, and Queen Anne. London, In the Savoy: Printed by J. Nutt, Assignee of Edward Sayer Esq; for J. Walthoe, and J. Walthoe Jun., 1716.


Court of Common Pleas

  • Barnes, Henry. Notes of Cases in Points of Practice: Taken in the Court of Common Pleas at Westminster from Michaelmas Term, the Sixth Year of King George II. 1732. to Hillary Term, the Thirteenth Year of king George II. 1740. London, In the Savoy: 1740.

Court of Exchequer

Court of King's Bench

Multiple Courts

  • Ventris, Peyton, Sir. The Reports of Sir Peyton Ventris. 4th impression, carefully corrected. London, In the Savoy: Printed by E. and R. Nutt and R. Gosling for D. Browne ..., 1726. Held by W&M Law Library.

House of Lords

Statutes

  • Great Britain. The Statutes at Large, in Paragraphs, and Sections or Numbers, from Magna Charta, to the End of the Session of Parliament, March 14. 1704, in the Fourth Year of the Reign of Her Majesty Queen Anne, Carefully Examined by the Rolls of Parliament; with the Titles of Such Statutes as are Expired, Repealed, Altered, or Out of Use. London: Printed by C. Bill, 1706.

United States

  • Hamiltons versus Eaton: A Case Respecting British Debts, Lately Determined in the Circuit Court of the United States, for North-Carolina District, Presided by C.J. Ellsworth. Newbern: Francois-Xavier Martin, 1797. Wythe copy held by Library of Congress.

Virginia

Cooking

Dictionaries and Encyclopedias

Legal

Other

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Economics and Finance

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Geography and Travel

  • Chastellux, François Jean, marquis de. Travels in North-America, in the Years 1780, 1781, and 1782. Translated from the French by an English gentleman, who resided in America at that period. With notes by the translator. London: Printed for G. G. J. and J. Robinson, 1787. Held by W&M Law Library.
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Government

  • Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Journals of the House of Commons. London, 1740- .
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History

General

American

Ancient

  • Caesar, Julius. C. Julii Caesaris Quae Exstant. Edition tertia. Londini: E [sic] typographaeo Mariae Matthews : Impensis J. & B. Sprint, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, A. Bettesworth, J. Bowyer, H. Clements, Gul. Taylor, T. Ward, Gul. & J. Innys, & Gul. Churchill, 1719. Held by W&M Law Library.
  • Josephus, Flavius. The Works of Flavius Josephus. Translated by Sir Roger L'Estrange. London: Printed for Richard Sare ..., 1702. Held by W&M Law Library.
  • Plutarch. Plutarch's Lives. Translated with notes historical and critical from M. Dacier. London: Printed for J. Tonson, 1727. Held by W&M Law Library.
  • Potter. John. Archæologia Græca: or, The Antiquities of Greece. 5th ed. London: Printed for J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. and B. Sprint, D. Midwinter, A. Bettesworth, R. Robinson, W. and J. Innys, J. Osborne, T. Longman, W. Mears, and A. Ward, 1728. Held by W&M Law Library.
  • Suetonius. C. Suetonii Tranquilli Opera Omnia Quae Extant. Londini: E typographaeo Mariae Matthews : Impensis R. Knaplock, J. & B. Sprint, B. Tooke, H. Clements, F. Gyles, R. Robinson, W. Churchil, & W. Meares, 1718. Held by W&M Law Library.

British

French

Italian

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Language and Rhetoric

  • Cicero, Marcus Tullius. M.T. Ciceronis Orationes Quaedam Selectae. Editio quarta, auctior & emendatior. Londini: Typis Gulielmi Sayes, impensis J. Knapton, R Wilkin, J. & B. Sprint, B. & S. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, G. Mortlock, W. & J. Innys, & A. Ward, 1722. Held by W&M Law Library.
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Legal Treatises

General

  • Blackstone, William, 1723-1780. Law Tracts. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1762. Held by W&M Law Library.
  • Breton, John le. Britton. 2nd ed. London: Printed by the assignes of John Moore Esquire, 1640. Held by W&M Law Library.
  • Kames, Henry Home, Lord. Historical Law-Tracts. 2nd ed. Edinburgh and London: Printed by A. Kincaid, His Majesty's Printer, for A. Millar, London, and A. Kincaid and J. Bell, in Edinburgh, 1761. Held by W&M Law Library.

Administration of Criminal Justice

Civil Law

Civil Procedure

  • Brown, William. The Entring Clerk's Vade Mecum: Being an Exact Collection of Precedents for Declarations and Pleadings in Most Actions, Especially Such as are Brought for, or Against Heirs, Executors, or Administrators, Executrices, Administratrices, and Their Husbands, in Person Actions, Also upon Bills of Exchange, Pollicies of Assurance, &c., and Such Process and Parts of Pleading as Relate Thereunto: Being Very Practicable and Useful to All Entring-Clerks, and Attornies in His Majesties Courts of Kings-Bench. London, octavo, 1678 or 1695. Precise edition unknown.
  • Brown, William. Modus Intrandi Placita Generalia: the Entring Clerk's Introduction: Being a Collection of Such Precedents of Declarations, and Other Pleadings, with Process as well Mesn as Judicial, as are Generally Used in Every Days Practice, with Notes and Observations Thereupon Composed, for the Benefit of the Students of the Common Law of England, as also of the Attorneys, Entring Clerks, and Sollicitors of the Courts of Common Pleas and King's Bench. London: Printed by the assigns of R. and Edw. Atkins Esquires for J. Walthoe ..., 1702-1703.
  • Gilbert, Geoffrey, Sir. The History and Practice of the High Court of Chancery in Which is Introduced, an Account of the Institution and Various Regulations of the Said Court; Shewing Likewise, the Ancient and Present Practice Thereof in an Easy and Familiar Method. London, In the Savoy: Printed by H. Lintot, for J. Worall and W. Owen, 1758.

Commercial Law

  • Bacon, Matthew. The Compleat Arbitrator or, the Law of Awards and Arbitraments. London, octavo, precise edition unknown.
  • Brydall, John. Ars Transferendi Dominium, the Second Part or, A Sure Law-Guide to the Conveyancer Consisting of Many Observations and Various Questions, with Their Resolutions, Relating to Feoffments, Grants, Fines, Common Recoveries, Exchanges, Releases, Confirmations, Attornments, Surrenders, Bargains and Sales, and Devises. London: Printed by the assigns of R. and E. Atkyns ... for Samuel Heyrick ... and Isaac Cleave ..., 1698.
  • Herne, John. The Law of Conveyances, Shewing the Natures, Kinds, and Effects, of All Manner of Assurances, with the Manner of Their Several Executions and Operations, also Directions to Sue Out and Prosecute All Manner of Writs, of Extent, Elegit, and Judiciall Writs upon Statutes, Recognizances, Judgments, &c. London: Printed by T.R. for Hen. Twyford, and Tho. Dring ..., 1657.

Constitutional Law

Contracts

  • Ashe, Thomas. The Law of Obligations and Conditions, or, An Accurate Treatise, Wherein is Contained the Whole Learning of the Law Concerning Bills, Bonds, Conditions, Statutes, Recognizances, and Defeasances. London: Printed for J. Walthoe ..., 1693.

Courts

Criminal Law

  • Beccaria, Cesare. An Essay on Crimes and Punishments. Translated from the Italian, with a commentary, attributed to Mons. de Voltaire, translated from the French. London: Printed for J. Almon, 1767. Held by W&M Law Library.
  • Fitzherbert, Anthony. The New Natura Brevium. 8th ed., carefully revised. London, in the Savoy : printed for Henry Lintot ... and sold by J. Shuckburgh, 1755. Held by W&M Law Library.
  • Gilbert, Geoffrey. The Law of Evidence. 2nd ed., corrected. London, In the Savoy : Printed by Catherine Lintot ... for W. Owen, 1760. Held by W&M Law Library.

Ecclesiastical Law

  • Burn, Richard. Ecclesiastical Law. 4th ed. London: Printed by W. Strahan and M. Woodfall, Law-Printers to the King's Most Excellent Majesty for T. Cadell, in the Strand, 1781. Held by W&M Law Library.

Equity

  • Ballow, Henry. A Treatise of Equity. London, in the Savoy: Printed by E. and R. Nutt, and R. Gosling, (assigns of Edward Sayer) for D. Browne, at the Black Swan without Temple-Bar; and J. Shuckburgh, at the Sun next the Inner Temple gate in Fleetstreet, 1737. Held by W&M Law Library.
  • Kames, Henry Home, Lord. Principles of Equity. Edinburgh: Printed by Alexander Kincaid, His Majesty's printer. For A. Millar, London; and A. Kincaid and J. Bell, Edinburgh, 1760. Held by W&M Law Library.

International Law

Property

Roman Law

  • Codex Justinianus ad Vetustorum Exemplarium Fidem Diligẽtissime Recognitus. In Quo Casus Uiuiani (Qui Antea Fedissimi et Corruptissimi Legebantur) Ita sunt Restituti, vt Iam non Inutiliter Adiecti Videantur... Parisijs in via ad duum Jacobum, sub sole aure / et sub elephante Francoys Regnavlt, 1532.

Virginia Law

Wills

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Literature

American

English

  • Butler, Samuel. Hudibras. London: Printed for John Baker, at the Black-Boy in Pater-noster-Row, 1710. Held by W&M Law Library.
  • Sterne, Laurence. The Works of Laurence Sterne. London : Printed for W. Strahan, J. Rivington and Sons, J. Dodsley, G. Kearsley, T. Lowndes, G. Robinson ... 1780. Held by W&M Law Library.
  • Town, Mr., pseud. The Connoisseur. 3rd ed. London: Printed for R. Baldwin, 1757. Held by W&M Law Library.

French

Greek

  • Anacreon. Odes of Anacreon. Translated by Thomas Moore. Philadelphia: Printed and published by Hugh Maxwell, opposite Christ-church. 1804. Held by W&M Law Library.
  • Euripides. The Tragedies of Euripides. Translated by R. Potter. London: Printed for J. Dodsley, Pall-Mall, 1781-1783. Held by W&M Law Library.
  • Homer. The Odyssey of Homer. Translated. London: Printed for Henry Lintot, 1752. Held by W&M Law Library.
  • Homer. Tēs tou Homērou Iliados. Edited by J. Moor and G. Muirhead. Glasguae: In aedibus Academicis, Excudebant R. et A. Foulis, 1756. Held by W&M Law Library.
  • Homer. Tēs tou Homērou Odysseias. Edited by J. Moor and G. Muirhead. Glasguae: In aedibus Academicis, Excudebant R. et A. Foulis, 1758. Held by W&M Law Library.
  • Sophocles. The Tragedies of Sophocles. Translated by Thomas Francklin. London: Printed for R. Francklin, 1758-1759. Held by W&M Law Library.
  • Theocritus. The Idylliums of Theocritus. Translated by Francis Fawkes. London: Printed for the author by D. Leach and sold by J. and R. Tonson ..., 1767. Held by W&M Law Library.

Latin

  • Juvenal and Persius. D. Junii Juvenalis et A. Persii Flacci Satyrae. Interpretatione ac notis illustravit Ludovicus Prateus. Londini: impensis Tho. Dring, contra Hospitium Templariorum in vico Fleetstreet dicto, & Abel Swalle, ad insigne Monocerotis in Ludgatestreet, 1691. Held by W&M Law Library.
  • Ovid. Publii Ovidii Nasonis Metamorphoseon Libri XV. In hac editione quinta fere notarum pars expungitur. Londini: Impensis S. Ballard, J. & P. Knapton, S. Birt, T. Longman, D. Browne [and 13 others in London], 1751. Held by W&M Law Library.
  • Plautus, Titus Maccius. M. Acci Plauti Comoediae. Lugd. Batav., Roterod.: Ex Officina Hackiana, 1669. Held by W&M Law Library.
  • Virgil. P. Virgilii Maronis Opera. Juxta editionem novissimam Parisiensem, a. 1722. Londini: Impensis W. Innys, 1746. Held by W&M Law Library.

Scottish

  • Macpherson, James. The Poems of Ossian. A new ed. London: Printed for W. Strahan and T. Cadell, 1784-85. Held by W&M Law Library.

Spanish

  • Cervantes Saavedra, Miguel de. The History and Adventures of the Renowned Don Quixote.Translated by T. Smollett. 6th ed. London: Printed for F. and C. Rivington, T. Longman, B. Law, G.G.J. and J. Robinson, J. Johnson [and 12 others in London], 1792. Held by W&M Law Library.
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Mathematics and Engineering

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Philosophy

  • Aldrich, Henry. Artis Logicae Compendium. Oxoniae: E Theatro Sheldoniano, Impensis A. Peisley, 1723. Held by W&M Law Library.
  • Montesquieu, Charles de Secondat, baron de. Œuvres de Monsieur de Montesquieu. Nouv. éd. rev., cor., & considérablement augm. par l'auteur. Londres: Nourse, 1767. Held by W&M Law Library.
  • Plutarch. Plutarch's Morals. 3rd ed. corr. and amended. London: Printed by Tho. Braddyll, and are to be sold by most Booksellers in London and Westminister, 1694. Held by W&M Law Library.
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Religion

  • Grotius, Hugo. De Veritate Religionis Christianae. Editio novissima, in qua ejusdem annotationes ipsius textus verbis subjectae sunt. Amstelaedami: Apud Henricum Wetstenium, 1696. Held by W&M Law Library.
  • Minucius Felix, Marcus. Marci Minucii Felicis Octavius. Glasguae: In aedibus academicis excudebant Robertus et Andreas Foulis ..., 1750. Held by W&M Law Library.
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Science and Medicine

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See also

References

  1. Douglas L. Miller, "Jefferson's Library," in Thomas Jefferson: A Reference Biography (New York: Scribner, 1986), pp. 157-179.
  2. See the letters between Jefferson and Wythe's executor, William Duval, for a discussion of Wythe's bequest.
  3. Memorandum from Barbara C. Dean, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, to Mrs. Stiverson (June 16, 1975).
  4. Endrina Tay & Jeremy Dibbell, "Reconstructing a Lost Library: George Wythe's 'Legacie' to President Thomas Jefferson," Tales from the Vault, Common-Place, Jan. 2009.
  5. "Inventory of the Books Received by Thomas Jefferson from the Estate of George Wythe, Circa September, 1806," Massachusetts Historical Society. For a transcribed version, see "Library of George Wythe," Thomas Jefferson Libraries.
  6. Bennie Brown, "The Library of George Wythe of Williamsburg and Richmond," (unpublished manuscript, May, 2012) Microsoft Word file. Earlier edition available at: https://digitalarchive.wm.edu/handle/10288/13433.

External links