Difference between revisions of "Spectator"
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| − | Joseph Addison (1672-1719) was an English poet, dramatist, essayist, and statesman. Before distinguishing himself as a classical scholar at Oxford, he was classmates with Richard Steele at Charterhouse.<ref>"Addison, Joseph". 2015. In ''The Columbia Encyclopedia''. New York: Columbia University Press.</ref> Addison first rose to national prominence after publishing The Campaign (1704), an epic poem depicting the Duke of Marlborough’s victory at Blenheim.<ref>"Addison, Joseph". 2011. In ''Chambers Biographical Dictionary''. London: Chambers Harrap.</ref> His literary success led to his selection as undersecretary of state in 1705 and subsequent appointment as secretary to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in 1709.<ref>The Columbia Encyclopedia, | + | Joseph Addison (1672-1719) was an English poet, dramatist, essayist, and statesman. Before distinguishing himself as a classical scholar at Oxford, he was classmates with Richard Steele at Charterhouse.<ref>"Addison, Joseph". 2015. In ''The Columbia Encyclopedia''. New York: Columbia University Press.</ref> Addison first rose to national prominence after publishing The Campaign (1704), an epic poem depicting the Duke of Marlborough’s victory at Blenheim.<ref>"Addison, Joseph". 2011. In ''Chambers Biographical Dictionary''. London: Chambers Harrap.</ref> His literary success led to his selection as undersecretary of state in 1705 and subsequent appointment as secretary to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in 1709.<ref>The Columbia Encyclopedia, ''Addison, Joseph''.</ref> He also obtained a seat in Parliament from Malmesbury in 1708 which he held until his death.<ref>Chambers Biographical Dictionary,''Addison, Joseph''.</ref> Later, in 1717, Addison was chosen to serve as secretary of state, a post he resigned a year later in 1718 due to poor health (Ibid). |
| − | Although a prominent statesman, Addison is mostly remembered for his work as an essayist. In addition to cofounding ''The Spectator'' with Richard Steele in March of 1711, he also contributed to Steel’s publications, ''Tatler'' and the ''Guardian''.<ref>The Columbia Encyclopedia, | + | Although a prominent statesman, Addison is mostly remembered for his work as an essayist. In addition to cofounding ''The Spectator'' with Richard Steele in March of 1711, he also contributed to Steel’s publications, ''Tatler'' and the ''Guardian''.<ref>The Columbia Encyclopedia, ''Addison, Joseph''.</ref><ref>Chambers Biographical Dictionary, ''Addison, Joseph''</ref> He wrote in a simple, orderly, and precise manner in order to engage his readers and inspire reasonable thinking and debate.<ref>The Columbia Encyclopedia, ''Addison, Joseph''.</ref> He achieved great success and fame during his lifetime and his publications are credited with raising the level of technical precision for English essayists.<ref>Ibid.</ref> Yet during the period from 1714 to his death in 1719, Addison quarreled with Steele and was plagued by poor health and a unhappy marriage <ref>Ibid.</ref>. |
| − | Born in Dublin, Richard Steele (1672-1729) was an English playwright and essayist. After completing his studies alongside Joseph Addison at Charterhouse and later at Oxford, Steele began a career in the army in 1694 and obtained the rank of captain by 1701.<ref>Steele, Sir Richard. (2015). In ''The Columbia Encyclopedia''. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.</ref> After serving in the army and low level government positions, he founded his renowned periodical, ''Tatler'', in 1709.<ref>"Steele, Sir Richard". 2011. '' | + | Born in Dublin, Richard Steele (1672-1729) was an English playwright and essayist. After completing his studies alongside Joseph Addison at Charterhouse and later at Oxford, Steele began a career in the army in 1694 and obtained the rank of captain by 1701.<ref>Steele, Sir Richard. (2015). In ''The Columbia Encyclopedia''. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.</ref> After serving in the army and low level government positions, he founded his renowned periodical, ''Tatler'', in 1709.<ref>"Steele, Sir Richard". 2011. In ''Chambers Biographical Dictionary''. London: Chambers Harrap.</ref> He also cofounded ''The Spectator'' with Addison in 1711 and founded the ''Guardian'' in 1713.<ref>The Columbia Encyclopedia, ''Steele, Sir Richard.''</ref> Although Steele differed from Addison in temperament, their shared political beliefs and goals allowed them to form one of the greatest literary partnerships in the English language. He lacked Addison’s technical prowess but wrote with a style that was charming, imaginative, and witty.<ref>Ibid.</ref> |
| − | Steele entered Parliament in 1713 as a member of the Whig party.<ref>Ibid.</ref> Only a year after taking his seat, Steele was expelled from Parliament by his political rivals but returned in 1715 as a Hanoverian and was soon after knighted.<ref>Chambers Biographical Dictionary, ''Steele, Sir Richard''. After a political dispute in 1719 with Addison relating to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1719_in_Great_Britain Peerage Bill], Steele attempted to reconcile the friendship but Addison died the same year.<ref>The Columbia Encyclopedia, '' | + | Steele entered Parliament in 1713 as a member of the Whig party.<ref>Ibid.</ref> Only a year after taking his seat, Steele was expelled from Parliament by his political rivals but returned in 1715 as a Hanoverian and was soon after knighted.<ref>Chambers Biographical Dictionary, ''Steele, Sir Richard''.</ref> After a political dispute in 1719 with Addison relating to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1719_in_Great_Britain Peerage Bill], Steele attempted to reconcile the friendship but Addison died the same year.<ref>The Columbia Encyclopedia, Steele, ''Sir Richard''.</ref> Forced to retire to Wales in 1724 due to increasing debt, Steele died in 1729 in relative obscurity.<ref>Ibid.</ref> |
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 14:53, 22 May 2015
by Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele, ed.
| The Spectator | ||
 at the College of William & Mary. |
||
| Editor | Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele | |
| Edition | ? | |
Precise edition unknown.
Joseph Addison (1672-1719) was an English poet, dramatist, essayist, and statesman. Before distinguishing himself as a classical scholar at Oxford, he was classmates with Richard Steele at Charterhouse.[1] Addison first rose to national prominence after publishing The Campaign (1704), an epic poem depicting the Duke of Marlborough’s victory at Blenheim.[2] His literary success led to his selection as undersecretary of state in 1705 and subsequent appointment as secretary to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in 1709.[3] He also obtained a seat in Parliament from Malmesbury in 1708 which he held until his death.[4] Later, in 1717, Addison was chosen to serve as secretary of state, a post he resigned a year later in 1718 due to poor health (Ibid).
Although a prominent statesman, Addison is mostly remembered for his work as an essayist. In addition to cofounding The Spectator with Richard Steele in March of 1711, he also contributed to Steel’s publications, Tatler and the Guardian.[5][6] He wrote in a simple, orderly, and precise manner in order to engage his readers and inspire reasonable thinking and debate.[7] He achieved great success and fame during his lifetime and his publications are credited with raising the level of technical precision for English essayists.[8] Yet during the period from 1714 to his death in 1719, Addison quarreled with Steele and was plagued by poor health and a unhappy marriage [9].
Born in Dublin, Richard Steele (1672-1729) was an English playwright and essayist. After completing his studies alongside Joseph Addison at Charterhouse and later at Oxford, Steele began a career in the army in 1694 and obtained the rank of captain by 1701.[10] After serving in the army and low level government positions, he founded his renowned periodical, Tatler, in 1709.[11] He also cofounded The Spectator with Addison in 1711 and founded the Guardian in 1713.[12] Although Steele differed from Addison in temperament, their shared political beliefs and goals allowed them to form one of the greatest literary partnerships in the English language. He lacked Addison’s technical prowess but wrote with a style that was charming, imaginative, and witty.[13]
Steele entered Parliament in 1713 as a member of the Whig party.[14] Only a year after taking his seat, Steele was expelled from Parliament by his political rivals but returned in 1715 as a Hanoverian and was soon after knighted.[15] After a political dispute in 1719 with Addison relating to the Peerage Bill, Steele attempted to reconcile the friendship but Addison died the same year.[16] Forced to retire to Wales in 1724 due to increasing debt, Steele died in 1729 in relative obscurity.[17]
References
- ↑ "Addison, Joseph". 2015. In The Columbia Encyclopedia. New York: Columbia University Press.
- ↑ "Addison, Joseph". 2011. In Chambers Biographical Dictionary. London: Chambers Harrap.
- ↑ The Columbia Encyclopedia, Addison, Joseph.
- ↑ Chambers Biographical Dictionary,Addison, Joseph.
- ↑ The Columbia Encyclopedia, Addison, Joseph.
- ↑ Chambers Biographical Dictionary, Addison, Joseph
- ↑ The Columbia Encyclopedia, Addison, Joseph.
- ↑ Ibid.
- ↑ Ibid.
- ↑ Steele, Sir Richard. (2015). In The Columbia Encyclopedia. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
- ↑ "Steele, Sir Richard". 2011. In Chambers Biographical Dictionary. London: Chambers Harrap.
- ↑ The Columbia Encyclopedia, Steele, Sir Richard.
- ↑ Ibid.
- ↑ Ibid.
- ↑ Chambers Biographical Dictionary, Steele, Sir Richard.
- ↑ The Columbia Encyclopedia, Steele, Sir Richard.
- ↑ Ibid.
