Difference between revisions of "Oceana of James Harrington"

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−	{{DISPLAYTITLE:''The Oceana Of James Harrington''}}	+	{{DISPLAYTITLE:''The Oceana of James Harrington, and His Other Works: Som Wherof are now First Publish'd from His Own Manuscripts''}}
	===by James Harrington===		===by James Harrington===
	__NOTOC__		__NOTOC__
−	<blockquote> Oceana, on which Harrington's contemporary and much more his posthumous reputation rested, earned him not only disciples but also critics, although not as many of the latter as he seems to have wished. Hobbes, whom he had attacked in Oceana (albeit highly respectfully) for having failed, among other faults, to distinguish between authority and power, never replied. Harrington thought of his critics as principally clerics and Oxford men, although the most able of them, Matthew Wren, was neither. Harrington answered him in The Prerogative of Popular Government (1657), and again in Politicaster, a much slighter work of 1659. During the confused period following Oliver Cromwell's death on 3 September 1658, Harringtonian opinions about the political order conducive to a permanent settlement for England were frequently voiced in Richard Cromwell's parliament in 1659, but to no avail: Harrington's main concern at this time was to prevent the restoration of anything like a hereditary House of Lords or a nominated replacement, but the parliament voted for the restoration of the Lords. The ‘republicans’ in this parliament included a few supporters of ‘classical republican’ ideas like Harrington's (eight or ten according to Brief Lives, ed. Dick, 284) out of perhaps fifty opponents of the continuation of military oligarchy, or monarchy, or a restored House of Lords, but they could not agree. <ref> H. M. Höpfl, ‘Harrington, James (1611–1677)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Oct 2007 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/12375, accessed 11 June 2013] </ref> </blockquote>	+	{{BookPageInfoBox
		+	|imagename=HarringtonOceana1700.jpg
		+	|link=https://wm.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01COWM_INST/g9pr7p/alma991005234469703196
		+	|shorttitle=The Oceana of James Harrington
		+	|author=[[:Category:James Harrington|James Harrington]]
		+	|publoc=[[:Category:London|London]]
		+	|publisher=Printed [by J. Darby?] and are to be sold by the booksellers of London and Westminster
		+	|year=1700
		+	|edition=First
		+	|lang=[[:Category:English|English]]
		+	|pages=xliv, 546
		+	|desc=[[:Category:Folios|Folio (32 cm.)]]
		+	|shelf=B-5
		+	}}[[File:HarringtonOceana1700AuthorPortrait.jpg|left|thumb|250px|<center>Author's portrait.</center>]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Harrington_%28author%29 James Harrington] (1611-1677) was a political theorist in the seventeenth century. Although he left [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity_College,_Oxford Trinity College] in Oxford without a degree, Harrington was an accomplished private scholar.<ref>H. M. Höpfl, "[http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/12375 Harrington, James (1611–1677)]" in ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', accessed October 11, 2013.</ref> ''Commonwealth of Oceana'', written in 1656 and included in this compilation, presented an image of an idealized world in which the British gentry social class had absolute power.<ref>''The Columbia Encyclopedia'', s.v. "[http://www.credoreference.com/entry/columency/harrington_james Harrington, James]," accessed October 11, 2013.</ref> Harrington’s portrayal was powerful; he notably attacked [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes Hobbes] for what he saw as an ineffective distinction between authority and power.<ref>Höpfl, "Harrington, James."</ref> Harrington was a wealthy man with much to gain from social connections, but he still argued for what he called a return to “ancient prudence.”<ref>Ibid.</ref> By this, Harrington meant that the government should not be composed of men, but of legal doctrines and rules.<ref>Ibid.</ref> His theories on equality were reflected in both the American and French revolutions.<ref>''The Columbia Encyclopedia'', s.v. "Harrington, James."</ref><br />
		+	<br />
		+	''The Oceana of James Harrington, and His Other Works'', first edited as a collection in 1700 by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Toland John Toland], includes ''The Grounds and Reasons of Monarchy Consider'd'', ''The Commonwealth of Oceana'', ''The Prerogative of Popular Government'', ''The Art of Lawgiving'', and "Six political tracts written on several occasions," as well as Toland's "The Life of James Harrington."
−	==Bibliographic Information==	+	==Evidence for Inclusion in Wythe's Library==
−	'''Author:''' James Harrington, (1611-1677)	+	A version of Harrington's ''Oceana'' is included in both [[Dean Bibliography|Dean's Memo]]<ref>[[Dean Bibliography|Memorandum from Barbara C. Dean]], Colonial Williamsburg Found., to Mrs. Stiverson, Colonial Williamsburg Found. (June 16, 1975), 11 (on file at Wolf Law Library, College of William & Mary).</ref> and Brown's Bibliography<ref>Bennie Brown, "The Library of George Wythe of Williamsburg and Richmond," (unpublished manuscript, May, 2012) Microsoft Word file. Earlier edition available at: https://digitalarchive.wm.edu/handle/10288/13433.</ref> based on a reference in [[Serene Patriot: A Life of George Wythe|William Clarkin's]] biography of Wythe. In discussing [[Thomas Jefferson|Thomas Jefferson's]] education under Wythe, Clarkin states "[w]e do know that Jefferson studied ... Harrington's ''Oceana''," but Clarkin provides no source of corroborating evidence.<ref>William Clarkin, ''Serene Patriot: A Life of George Wythe'' (Albany, New York: Alan Publications, 1970), 42.</ref> Brown suggests the first (1656) edition, ''Commonwealth of Oceana'' based on the copy Jefferson sold to the Library of Congress.<ref>E. Millicent Sowerby, ''Catalogue of the Library of Thomas Jefferson'', (Washington, D.C.: The Library of Congress, 1952-1959), 3:15 [http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015033648117;view=1up;seq=27 [no.2335]].</ref> The Wolf Law Library followed the recommendation of Dean's Memo and purchased the first (1700) edition of collected works, ''The Oceana of James Harrington, and his Other Works''.
−	'''Title:''' The Oceana Of James Harrington, And His Other Works: Som [sic] Wherof Are Now First Publish'd From His Own Manuscripts	+	==Description of the Wolf Law Library's copy==
		+	Bound in contemporary blind calf, reback in period style. Purchased from Rulon-Miller Books.
−	'''Published:''' London: Printed by J. Darby? and are to be sold by the booksellers of London and Westminster, 1700.	+	Images of the library's copy of this book are [https://www.flickr.com/photos/wolflawlibrary/sets/72157637633502433 available on Flickr.] View the record for this book in [https://wm.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01COWM_INST/g9pr7p/alma991005234469703196 William & Mary's online catalog.]
		+	[[File:HarringtonOceana1700Frontispiece.jpg|left|thumb|250px|<center>Frontispiece.</center>]]
−	'''Edition:'''	+	==See also==
		+	*[[George Wythe Room]]
		+	*[[Wythe's Library]]
−	==Evidence for Inclusion in Wythe's Library==	+	==References==
		+	<references/>
−	==Description of the Wolf Law Library's copy==
−	View this book in [https://catalog.swem.wm.edu/law/Record/2080652 William & Mary's online catalog.]
	==External Links==		==External Links==
−	[http://books.google.com/books?id=vPBWAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+Oceana+Of+James+Harrington&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fc3eUdL1L4jB4APz4YG4Dg&ved=0CEAQ6AEwAQ Google Books]	+	Read this book in [http://books.google.com/books?id=vPBWAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover Google Books.]
−
−	===References===
−	<references/>\
	[[Category:George Wythe Collection at William & Mary's Wolf Law Library]]		[[Category:George Wythe Collection at William & Mary's Wolf Law Library]]
	[[Category:Government]]		[[Category:Government]]
		+	[[Category:James Harrington]]
	[[Category:Titles in Wythe's Library]]		[[Category:Titles in Wythe's Library]]
		+
		+	[[Category:English]]
		+	[[Category:Folios]]
		+	[[Category:London]]

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Latest revision as of 10:36, 15 November 2024

by James Harrington

The Oceana of James Harrington
Title page from The Oceana of James Harrington, George Wythe Collection, Wolf Law Library, College of William & Mary.
Author	James Harrington
Editor	{{{editor}}}
Translator	{{{trans}}}
Published	London: Printed [by J. Darby?] and are to be sold by the booksellers of London and Westminster
Date	1700
Edition	First
Language	English
Volumes	{{{set}}} volume set
Pages	xliv, 546
Desc.	Folio (32 cm.)
Location	Shelf B-5
	[[Shelf {{{shelf2}}}]]

James Harrington (1611-1677) was a political theorist in the seventeenth century. Although he left Trinity College in Oxford without a degree, Harrington was an accomplished private scholar.^[1] Commonwealth of Oceana, written in 1656 and included in this compilation, presented an image of an idealized world in which the British gentry social class had absolute power.^[2] Harrington’s portrayal was powerful; he notably attacked Hobbes for what he saw as an ineffective distinction between authority and power.^[3] Harrington was a wealthy man with much to gain from social connections, but he still argued for what he called a return to “ancient prudence.”^[4] By this, Harrington meant that the government should not be composed of men, but of legal doctrines and rules.^[5] His theories on equality were reflected in both the American and French revolutions.^[6]

The Oceana of James Harrington, and His Other Works, first edited as a collection in 1700 by John Toland, includes The Grounds and Reasons of Monarchy Consider'd, The Commonwealth of Oceana, The Prerogative of Popular Government, The Art of Lawgiving, and "Six political tracts written on several occasions," as well as Toland's "The Life of James Harrington."

Evidence for Inclusion in Wythe's Library

A version of Harrington's Oceana is included in both Dean's Memo^[7] and Brown's Bibliography^[8] based on a reference in William Clarkin's biography of Wythe. In discussing Thomas Jefferson's education under Wythe, Clarkin states "[w]e do know that Jefferson studied ... Harrington's Oceana," but Clarkin provides no source of corroborating evidence.^[9] Brown suggests the first (1656) edition, Commonwealth of Oceana based on the copy Jefferson sold to the Library of Congress.^[10] The Wolf Law Library followed the recommendation of Dean's Memo and purchased the first (1700) edition of collected works, The Oceana of James Harrington, and his Other Works.

Description of the Wolf Law Library's copy

Bound in contemporary blind calf, reback in period style. Purchased from Rulon-Miller Books.

Images of the library's copy of this book are available on Flickr. View the record for this book in William & Mary's online catalog.

See also

• George Wythe Room
• Wythe's Library

References

1. ↑ H. M. Höpfl, "Harrington, James (1611–1677)" in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, accessed October 11, 2013.
2. ↑ The Columbia Encyclopedia, s.v. "Harrington, James," accessed October 11, 2013.
3. ↑ Höpfl, "Harrington, James."
4. ↑ Ibid.
5. ↑ Ibid.
6. ↑ The Columbia Encyclopedia, s.v. "Harrington, James."
7. ↑ Memorandum from Barbara C. Dean, Colonial Williamsburg Found., to Mrs. Stiverson, Colonial Williamsburg Found. (June 16, 1975), 11 (on file at Wolf Law Library, College of William & Mary).
8. ↑ Bennie Brown, "The Library of George Wythe of Williamsburg and Richmond," (unpublished manuscript, May, 2012) Microsoft Word file. Earlier edition available at: https://digitalarchive.wm.edu/handle/10288/13433.
9. ↑ William Clarkin, Serene Patriot: A Life of George Wythe (Albany, New York: Alan Publications, 1970), 42.
10. ↑ E. Millicent Sowerby, Catalogue of the Library of Thomas Jefferson, (Washington, D.C.: The Library of Congress, 1952-1959), 3:15 [no.2335].

External Links

Read this book in Google Books.