Difference between revisions of "Warrington v. Jeggitts"
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| − | {{DISPLAYTITLE:''Warrington v. | + | {{DISPLAYTITLE:''Warrington v. Jeggitts''}} |
| − | ''Warrington v. | + | ''Warrington v. Jeggitts'' was a [[wikipedia:Parson's Cause|Parson's Cause]] case brought by the Reverend Thomas Warrington in 1758, resulting from the [[wikipedia:Two Penny Act|Two Penny Act]]. |
==Background== | ==Background== | ||
| + | |||
| + | In Colonial America, tobacco was the main export commodity and as such, was the preferred currency. George Wythe, as a professor at the College of William & Mary, was paid an annual salary of eight hogsheads of tobacco (about 8,000 lbs.).<ref>Dice Robins Anderson, "[[Teacher of Jefferson and Marshall|The Teacher of Jefferson and Marshall]]," ''Southern Atlantic Quarterly'' 15, no. 4 (October 1916), 340.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | The Anglican Church in the colonies was supported by taxes, and as such, Virginia clergymen were also paid in tobacco. A 1696 Act of the Assembly of Virginia fixed their salary at 16,000 lbs. of tobacco.<ref>A. Shrady Hill, "The Parson's Cause," ''Historical Magazine of the Protestant Episcopal Church'' 46, no. 1 (March 1977), 8.</ref> In the 1750s, however, a series of droughts and poor harvests raised the price of tobacco, and the Assembly to pass a series of temporary acts allowing the discharge of debts in money, instead of tobacco. These measures culminated in 1758 with the "Two Penny Act," which fixed the price paid to clergy at two pence per pound of tobacco. The Church eventually petitioned the Crown to repeal the Act. | ||
| + | |||
| + | A series of lawsuits (or causes) ensued after the ending of the Act, with clergymen suing their local governments for back pay. The most famous of these was successfully defended by [[wikipedia:Patrick Henry|Patrick Henry]] in December, 1763, and became known as the "Parson's Cause," in which judgement was found for the plaintiff, but the jury awarded only one penny in restitution. Thomas Warrington, rector of Elizabeth City Parish from 1756 to 1770,<ref>Jacob Heffelfinger, ''Kecoughtan Old and New; Or, Three Hundred Years of Elizabeth City Parish'' (Hampton, VA: Houston Printing and Publishing House, 1910), 23, 25, 31.</ref> sued for the full market value of his tobacco for 1758. ''Warrington v. Jeggitts''<ref>The defendant, variously spelled "Jegitts," "Jiggitts," or "Jeggetts," is probably Joseph Jeggetts (d. 1767), a minor official in Elizabeth City County, and likely the tax collector for the parish vestry. See Malcolm Rogers Livingston, and Laura Britton Russell Livingston, ''Russell-Nicholson Genealogy: Some of the Ancestors of Our Grandchildren'' (Hixson, TN: M.R. Livingston, 1994), 2:143.</ref> was decided just months before Henry's more famous case, with the Court rejecting the plaintiff's claim, outright.<ref>Lyon G. Tyler, [https://books.google.com/books?id=aCkjAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA172 "Elizabeth City County Records,"] ''William & Mary College Quarterly Historical Magazine'' 20, no. 3 (January 1912), 172-173.</ref> | ||
===The Court's Decision=== | ===The Court's Decision=== | ||
| − | The journal of the court for Elizabeth City County has been lost, but the Minute Book record was reported in the ''William and Mary Quarterly'' in 1912:<ref> | + | The Elizabeth City County court determined that the act of 1758 was binding, and ruled for the defendant. Warrington then appealed to the General Court, but was denied in October, 1767.<ref>William Edwin Hemphill, "[[George Wythe the Colonial Briton#Page 184|George Wythe the Colonial Briton: A Biographical Study of the Pre-Revolutionary Era in Virginia]]," PhD diss., University of Virginia, 1937, 184-186.</ref> |
| + | |||
| + | The journal of the court for Elizabeth City County has been lost, but the Minute Book record was reported in the ''William and Mary Quarterly'' in 1912:<ref>Tyler, ''William & Mary College Quarterly.''</ref> | ||
<blockquote> | <blockquote> | ||
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(The minutes were signed by G. Wythe.) | (The minutes were signed by G. Wythe.) | ||
| − | Wednesday the | + | Wednesday the 2<sup>d</sup> of March 1763. |
Pres<sup>t</sup> George Wythe, George Walker, Cary Michell, Wilson Miles Cary, John Tabb & Wm. Armistead gent * * present Robert Armistead, James Balfour gent * * present George Wray, James Westwood, gent * * absent Wilson Miles Cary gent * * absent James Balfour gent * * absent Wilson Miles Cary, George Walker gent. | Pres<sup>t</sup> George Wythe, George Walker, Cary Michell, Wilson Miles Cary, John Tabb & Wm. Armistead gent * * present Robert Armistead, James Balfour gent * * present George Wray, James Westwood, gent * * absent Wilson Miles Cary gent * * absent James Balfour gent * * absent Wilson Miles Cary, George Walker gent. | ||
| − | Warrington vs. Jeggitts—the matter of law arising on a spec<sup>l</sup> verd<sup>t</sup> in this cause being this day argued It seems to the court that by virtue of the Act of Assembly made &c. that the Law is for the Def<sup>t</sup> & Judg<sup>t</sup> for the Def<sup>t</sup> from w<sup>ch</sup> Judgment the Plt. prayed an appeal to the 19<sup>th</sup> day of the next General Court upon his entring into Bond with security between this and the next court | + | Warrington vs. Jeggitts—the matter of law arising on a spec<sup>l</sup> verd<sup>t</sup> in this cause being this day argued It seems to the court that by virtue of the Act of Assembly made &c. that the Law is for the Def<sup>t</sup> & Judg<sup>t</sup> for the Def<sup>t</sup> from w<sup>ch</sup> Judgment the Plt. prayed an appeal to the 19<sup>th</sup> day of the next General Court upon his entring [''sic''] into Bond with security between this and the next court. |
</blockquote> | </blockquote> | ||
Latest revision as of 09:05, 16 July 2024
Warrington v. Jeggitts was a Parson's Cause case brought by the Reverend Thomas Warrington in 1758, resulting from the Two Penny Act.
Background
In Colonial America, tobacco was the main export commodity and as such, was the preferred currency. George Wythe, as a professor at the College of William & Mary, was paid an annual salary of eight hogsheads of tobacco (about 8,000 lbs.).[1]
The Anglican Church in the colonies was supported by taxes, and as such, Virginia clergymen were also paid in tobacco. A 1696 Act of the Assembly of Virginia fixed their salary at 16,000 lbs. of tobacco.[2] In the 1750s, however, a series of droughts and poor harvests raised the price of tobacco, and the Assembly to pass a series of temporary acts allowing the discharge of debts in money, instead of tobacco. These measures culminated in 1758 with the "Two Penny Act," which fixed the price paid to clergy at two pence per pound of tobacco. The Church eventually petitioned the Crown to repeal the Act.
A series of lawsuits (or causes) ensued after the ending of the Act, with clergymen suing their local governments for back pay. The most famous of these was successfully defended by Patrick Henry in December, 1763, and became known as the "Parson's Cause," in which judgement was found for the plaintiff, but the jury awarded only one penny in restitution. Thomas Warrington, rector of Elizabeth City Parish from 1756 to 1770,[3] sued for the full market value of his tobacco for 1758. Warrington v. Jeggitts[4] was decided just months before Henry's more famous case, with the Court rejecting the plaintiff's claim, outright.[5]
The Court's Decision
The Elizabeth City County court determined that the act of 1758 was binding, and ruled for the defendant. Warrington then appealed to the General Court, but was denied in October, 1767.[6]
The journal of the court for Elizabeth City County has been lost, but the Minute Book record was reported in the William and Mary Quarterly in 1912:[7]
Wednesday Janry 5, 1763.
Prest George Wythe, Cary Michell, John Tabb & William Armistead, Gent. Warrington vs. Jegitts—Carter Tarrent John Nelson, Nicholas Skinner, James Barron, Thos. Cooper. Charles Cooper, William Van Purkello, Thomas Batts, William Tarrent, James Gill, James Gilbert and William Mitchell were sworn to try the issue joined brought in a spl verdict wch is these words (vizt) * * * and the matters of Law arising thereupon are to be argued at the next court.
(The minutes were signed by G. Wythe.)
Wednesday the 2d of March 1763.
Prest George Wythe, George Walker, Cary Michell, Wilson Miles Cary, John Tabb & Wm. Armistead gent * * present Robert Armistead, James Balfour gent * * present George Wray, James Westwood, gent * * absent Wilson Miles Cary gent * * absent James Balfour gent * * absent Wilson Miles Cary, George Walker gent.
Warrington vs. Jeggitts—the matter of law arising on a specl verdt in this cause being this day argued It seems to the court that by virtue of the Act of Assembly made &c. that the Law is for the Deft & Judgt for the Deft from wch Judgment the Plt. prayed an appeal to the 19th day of the next General Court upon his entring [sic] into Bond with security between this and the next court.
See also
References
- ↑ Dice Robins Anderson, "The Teacher of Jefferson and Marshall," Southern Atlantic Quarterly 15, no. 4 (October 1916), 340.
- ↑ A. Shrady Hill, "The Parson's Cause," Historical Magazine of the Protestant Episcopal Church 46, no. 1 (March 1977), 8.
- ↑ Jacob Heffelfinger, Kecoughtan Old and New; Or, Three Hundred Years of Elizabeth City Parish (Hampton, VA: Houston Printing and Publishing House, 1910), 23, 25, 31.
- ↑ The defendant, variously spelled "Jegitts," "Jiggitts," or "Jeggetts," is probably Joseph Jeggetts (d. 1767), a minor official in Elizabeth City County, and likely the tax collector for the parish vestry. See Malcolm Rogers Livingston, and Laura Britton Russell Livingston, Russell-Nicholson Genealogy: Some of the Ancestors of Our Grandchildren (Hixson, TN: M.R. Livingston, 1994), 2:143.
- ↑ Lyon G. Tyler, "Elizabeth City County Records," William & Mary College Quarterly Historical Magazine 20, no. 3 (January 1912), 172-173.
- ↑ William Edwin Hemphill, "George Wythe the Colonial Briton: A Biographical Study of the Pre-Revolutionary Era in Virginia," PhD diss., University of Virginia, 1937, 184-186.
- ↑ Tyler, William & Mary College Quarterly.
External links
- Read this article in Google Books.
