Virginia: In the High Court of Chancery March 16, 1798. Between Robert Pleasants, son and heir of Jon Plesaeants, deed. Pltf. and Mary Logan, widow and administratix of Charles Logan, and divisee of John Pleasants and Jonathan Pleasants, deceased, Elizabeth Pleasants, administratix of Joseph Pleasants, deceased, Isaac Pleasants and Jane his wife, Samuel Pleasants, junior, Thomas Pleasants, junior, and Margaret his wife, Robert Langley and Elizabeth his wife, Daniel Teasdale and Margaret his wife, late Margaret Langley, Elizabeth Langley the younger, and Anne May, Defendants
Introduction and summary.[1]
Contents
Letter text, 4 July 1776
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Virginia:
In the High Court of Chancery March 16, 1798
Between Robert Pleasants, son and heir of Jon Plesaeants, deed. Pltf.
Mary Logan, widow and administratix of Charles Logan, and divisee of John Pleasants and Jonathan Pleasants, deceased,Elizabeth Pleasants, administratix of Joseph Pleasants, deceased,Isaac Pleasants and Jane his wife, Samuel Pleasants, junior, Thomas Pleasants, junior, and Margaret his wife, Robert Langley and Elizabeth his wife, Daniel Teasdale and Margaret his wife, late Margaret Langley, Elizabeth Langley the younger, and Anne May,
On the ***(motion?) of the Plaintiff by his counsel, the court doth order that the Defendants, who are in possession of any slaves that are the subject of concovery*** between the parties in this suit, do not carry or remove them, or cause them, or any of them, to be carried or removed out of the commonwealth during the pendency of this suit, or until the further order of the court.
June 7, 1798 On the motion of Daniel Teasdale by his counsel, leave is given him to amend his answer, whereupon he filed the same. September the 12th, 1798
Between Robert Pleasants, son and heir of John Pleasants, Pltf. And Cary Pleasants and Mary Pleasants his wife, late Mary Logan, administratrix of Charles Logan, and divisee of John Pleasants and Jonathan Pleasants, Dec'd and others. Deft. And between Ned, a pauper, *** And Elizabeth Pleasants, Deft. In these causes, which came on last term to be heard the bills(?), demurrers and asnwers, and on the testaments of John Pleasants
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and Jonathan Pleasants, and the Joural of the House of Delegates, exhibited and read, and were argued by counsel, the court on this twelfth day of September, in the year of our lord one thousand seven hundred and ninety eight, overruled the demurrers, because the right to freedom proposed to be asserted by the plaintiff on behalf of certain men, women and children detained in slavery, which freedom the former owner of some of them and of the progenitors of others could not bestow, altough solicitous to bestow it, during his life time, was, preserved, if it could be preserved, until enjoyment of the bless would be permitted by temporary and conditional bequests of the slaves, with a confidence that in an event which might remove the legal obstacle to deliverance from the hr***ldom. the legataries would fulfil the testator's desire, so that the intermediate possession of the legataries, if that desire were not inane(???) was ficuiary, & in suhc a case, the elements, from which juridical(???) arrangements commence, prove the question which hath occured to be peculiarly proper for praetorian animadversion for decision before a tribunal erected especially to foster and effectuate conscientious fideicommissa: and upon that question which is the capital subject of disceptatin and some others in consequence thereof the court declared its opinion in these terms, the condition which the testator, John Pleasants, enjoined the legataries, and which, if it were lawful, excepting the bequest they were obliged implicitly to perform, was not contrary to law. Such a provision for emancipation was not prohivted literally by the statute in 1748, the only instituted law then extant, which can be quoted for that purpose, enacting "that no slave shall be set free, "upon an pretence, except for services to be adjudged by the governor "and council to be meritorious," the statute operated only upon emancipations efficatious immediately, not those of which the efficacy was fortuitous; and ampliation of the statute giving it energy in cases of which similar predicaments might seem to require similar policy, is reprobated in this instance, where the defendants, in a court of equity, are invoking its aid to hinder the restitution of a right, of which they, on whose behalf it is claimed, and their progenitors, could not have been deprived without violation of equitable constitutional principles. An objection urged by one of the counsel for the defendants, if it were not misunderstood, namely, that John Pleasants, who dying before the statute permitted manumission of slaves, enacted in the year 1782, was never authorised to manumit his slaves, could not enjoy manumission of them in any circumstances, is founded upon a position conceived not to be true, unless the act required by the condition to be performed were a malum in se; that a condition requiring performance of an act, not whilst the performance would be unlawful,
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but when it would, if ever it should be lawful, that such a condition to be performed, not after an intolerable lenght of time, is unlawful seems an absurd positionl upon the doctrine of perpetuities, if applicable to any cases, in which human liberty is challenged, can not be found an objection against the slaves existing at the death of the testator, John Pleasants, or against the slaves born after, of mothers exisiting before his death; for their cases are examples of the legitimate periods, during which emergence or lapse of contingent dispositions may be suspended, namely, where events before the termination of a life or lives existent, or of a life or lives immediately succeeding hte existent, must fix the destiny. Here the slaves for whose benefit the testator intended the bequests are first, those of whom he was POSSESSED at the time of his death, and secondly, those of whose MOTHERS he was so possessed. The period of time during ability of the slaves to enjoy when the legislature should permit them to enjoy this benefit was suspended, did not exced the tolerated period. I was during the lives of them, who survived the testator, and of them who were born after his death, of mothers surviving him, sothat, in equity, of the slaves, on whose behalf this prosecution was instituted, they who were thirty years old or older, in the year one thousand seven hundred and eighty two, when the statute authorising manumission was enacted, were, at that time entitlted, they, who born before his death are not yet thirty years old, will be when they shall attain that age, intitled to freedom, they who were born between the times of the said testator's death and of enacting the said statute will be when they shall attain the same age intitled to freedom, and they who have been born since the said statute was enacted, were at their birth entitled to freedom; and the plaintiff not only the heir but the surviving executor of the said John Pleasants, is the proper party to dindicate the that freedom, and require fulfilment of his desire repeatedly declared in his testament, and the court doth direct one of the commissioners thereof to report a catalogue of the slaves aforesaid, distinguishing the times when, according to the foregoing opinion, any of them ought therefore to have been and hereafter to be liberated from servitude, and stating accounts of profits, to which they who have been wronfulyl detained are intitled. September 26th, 1798 The Defendants Cary Pleasants and MAry his wife, late Mary Logan, administratix of Charles Logan, and devisee of John Pleasantt's and Jonathan Pleasants, deceased, Elizabeht Pleasants, administratix of Joseph Pleasants, deceased, Isaac Pleasants and Jane his wife, Samuel Pleasants, jan.(???) and Thomas Pleasants, junior, and Margaret his wife, in the ??? suit, and the defendant
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in the other suit prayed an appeal from the ??? pronounced in these ??? on the twelfth day of the present month, which is allowed them on their giving bond and security in each suit in the penalty of twenty pounds, with such condition as the law requires. June 5th, 1799 In these ???, in order that the decree of the Court of Appeals, which certified by the clerk thereof in the following words. "At a Court of Appeals, ??? at the Capitol in the City of Richmond, the sixth day of May, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-nine, Cary Pleasants & Mary Pleasants his wife, late Mary Logan, administratix of Charles Logan, and devisee of John Pleasants and Jonathan Pleasants, deceased, Elizabeth Pleasants, adminstratrix of Joseph Pleasants, Isaac Pleasants and Jane his wife, Samuel Pleasants, ??? and Margaret his wife, appellants against Robert Pleasants, son and heir of John Pleasants, apellee, and Elizabeth Pleasants appelant against Ned, a pauper, appelle, upon appeals from a decree of the High Court of Chancery, pronounced the twelfth day of September, one thousand seven hundred and ninety eight. "This day came the parties by their counsel, and the court having maturely considered the transcript of the record, and the argument of the counsel, is of opinion that there is no error in so much the decree of the said High Court "of Chancery, as ??? the demurrers of the appellants MaryPleasants, Isaac Pleasants and Samuel Pleasants, ??? for want of jursdiction in the said court; but that there is error in some of the principles, on which the decree upon the mrits is founded,and part of the reasoning thereupon is note approved by this court, therefore it is decreed and ordered, that so much of the said decree as overruled the said demurrers be affirmed, and that the residue of the said decree be reversed, and this court proceeding to make such decree as the said High court of Chancery should have pronounced, is of opinion, that altought the testators at the time of making their respective wills had not power to manumit, and if they had devised them upon conditions that the devisces(???) should emancipate them immediately, the condition being unlawful would have been void, and the property vested, yet the condition that they should become free when the law would permit it, was not of that sort. That to apply the rule respecting the limitation of the remainder of a chatted upon too remote a contingency, with all its consequences, to the present case, would be too rigid, but that a reasonable principle ought to be adopted to suit its peculiar circumstances, which is this,that if the event happens whilst the slaves remain in the possession of the family without change by the intervention of creditors
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or purchasers ??? the contending parties would be ??? whose interest had been contemplated by the testators, the bequest ought to take place, but that the case of such interving claims not being in the view of the testators it ought to be considered how far they should in equity prevent the devise of the manumission from taking effect. So far therefore as conerns the the family, the court would have had no difficulty in decreeing in favor of the paupers, if the wills had directed a general emancipation, when permitted by law, and the legislature had permitted it without any ??? annexed; but a difficulty arises from the testators' not having directed a general manumission, when allowed by law, but a limitted one, directing that all future generations(???) of these people born whilst their mothers were under thirty should serve to that age, founded by no doubt, upon considerations of the interest of his family, and that of the slaves on which middle state the legislature have not declared their will, and on the other hand the legislature have permitted an unlimited emancipation, but annexed a condition imposing upon the the person liberating certain terms for the sake of the community, of which the persons making voluntary manumissions might judge, whether they would do the act upon these terms and use their pleasure: and on these terms the testaters have not declared their minds whether they would or would not have cmpeleld the devisees against their inclination to emancipate subject to them. Under this difficulty, the cout endeavored to ??? a decree to effect the purpose of the paupers without essentialyl violating the wills, and is of opinion that hte limited manumission, according to the modifications, in the wills of the testators, can alone take place and be decreed, and that the terms for securing the public against the maintencance of the aged or infirmed, cannot be equitably imposed upon the devisees. It is therefor further decreed and ordred, that all the slaves of which ther testators were possessed as their property, at the time of their respective deaths, not subject to the claims of the creditors or purchasers, before stated, and who are now above the age of forty five years, and their increase, buorn after their respective mothers had attained the age of thirty years (so soon as Robert Pleasants the executor, the several trustees, or any other preson, shall in the courts of the several counties in which the said slave respectively reside, enter into ???, with approved security, payable to the justices then sitting in each court, and their successors, with the condition that the said slaves shall not become chargeable to the "public, or enter into one suhc bond for the whole General Court,) and sit such as are now above thirty and under the age "of forty-five years immediately shall be emancipated and set
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free to all intents and purposes, in like manner as if hey had been born free; and that all who are now under the age of thirty. and whose mothers had not attained that age at the time of their birth, and all their future descendants, born whilst their mothers are in such service, do serve their several owners, until they shall respectively attain the age of thirty years and they be in like manner free, and when their freedom shall severally take effect according to this decree, there shall be delivered to each of them. by their respective masters or mistresses, a certificate, written or printed, attesting their freedom in such form as shall be directed by the said High Court of Chancerry. That no account ought to be taken of profits, it being unused in such cases and less reasonable in this very difficult one. And the cause is remanded to the said High Court of Chancery for a state to be taken of the present condition of the several persons, and their rights ascertained, according to the principles of this decree, also for further proceedings to be had respecting the claims of Elizabeth Pleasants and Daniel Teasdale to part of the slaves, under paramount to the will of John Pleasants, and the claims of the creditors of Charles Logan, upon proper statements of the facts and exhibits relative thereto, which they are to be at liberty to introduce in the said court, which is ordered to be certified to the said High Court of Chancery. A copy, J. Brown, C.C," if it be not misunderstood by him, whom the law requireth to ??? it as his own, may be exected; this court doth direct that a commissioners thereof do reprot, first the names and sexes of the slaves of which the testators intended by the said decree, were possessed, as their property at the time of their respective deaths, not subject to the claims of the creditors or purchasers in the decree stated and who were, when the decree was pronounced, above the age of forty five years, and their increase, born after their respective mothers had attained hte age of thirty years (so soon as Robert Pleasants. the executor. the several trustees or any other person shall in the courts of the several counties, in which the said slaves respectively reside, enter into bonds, with approved securities payable to the justices then sitting in each court, and their successors with condition that the said slaves shall not be become chargeable to the public, or enter into one such bond for the whole in the General Court) and all such as were, when the decree was pronounced above thirty and under the dage of forty-five years, and secondly, the names and sexes of the slaves of which the testors were posssessed as their property at the time of their respective ???, and who were, when the decree was pronounced, under the age of thirty, and whose mothers had not attained that age at their birth: and this court doth order, that when the freedom
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of the slaves shall severally take effect, according to the decree of the Court of Appeals, there shall be delivered to each of them, by their respective masters of mistresses, a certificate, written or printed, attesting their freedom in this form: --- is emancipated and set free according to the decree of the Court of Appeals, in May, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-nine. June 7th, 1799 Thomas Pleasants of Beaverdam, James Pleasants of Goochland, William Mosely, Frederick Woodson and William Bentley, or any three of them, are appointed commissioners for performing the order made in these causes on Wednesday last, in place of a commissioner of the court. September 10th, 1799 On the motion of the plaintiff in the first suit by his counsel, Benjamin Goode, George Williamson, Abell Janney, James Denson ???, Robert Evans, John Nicholas and jonh Pensonby are added to teh commissioners heretofore appointed to perform the order made in these causes on the fifth day of June last, who, or any two of whom are empowered to execute the same.
Virginia,---In the High Court of Chancery, May 22nd, 1797. Between Ned, . . . . . Plaintiff. and Elizabeth Pleasants, . . Defendant.
On the motion of Ned, who is detained in slavery by the defendant, he is allowed to sue his said mistress in this court, in forma pauperis, and John Warden is assigned his counsel to prosecute the said suit; and it is ordered, that his said mistress do not presume to beat or misuse him upon this account, and that she suffer him to come to the clerk's office for commissions to take the depositions of his witnesses and to attend their examinations and the trial, and commissions are awared the parties to examine and take the depositions of their witnesses.
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LIST OF NEGROES in the possession of Samuel Pleasants, held under the ??? of John & Jonathan Pleasant; whose ages were ascertained by Thomas Pleasant, James Pleasants. William Moseley and Frederick Woodson, on the 19th day of August, 1797.
_______ Persons above the age of 45 years. David, Saunders, Ceasar, York, London, Nanny, Charlotte, Sall, Arthur, Will, Maria, Judy, Phillis, Poader -- In all 13. _______
Persons between the age of 30 & 45 years old.
Sterling 1, Frederick 2, Joe, Phil 4, Tom 5, Harry 6, Jacob Powder 7, George 8, Jacob 9, Dull 10, Ben 11, Pender 12, John Powder 13, Silvia 14, Frank Cozens 15, Chloe Cozens 16, Peter 17, Aggy 18, Bob 19, Fanny 20, Nelly 21, Betts 22, James 23, Patty 24, Lucy Gloster 25, ??? 26, Sukey 27, Sukey 28, Amy 29.
______
Persons born of mothers after they were 30 years old.
Jack 1, George 2, Pender 3, York 4, Amy 5, Eve 6, Joe 7, Neily, 8, David, 9, Molly 10, Rose 11, Kate 12, Jacobs 13, Phebe 14, ??? 15, Delphia 16, Lilly 17, Mourning 18, Tabb 19, Caesar 20, Sally 21, Mouraine 22, Hampton 23, Jerry 24, Aggy 25, May Anne 26, ??? 27, Amy 28, Rachel 29.
______ Persons judged to be inform and unable to earn a support, entitled to freedom when 30 years old.
Nancy 25 years old, Liabel, born 1782; John, born July 1788 - ??? 3.
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Persons born of mothers under 30 years old, and entitled to fredom [sic] at that age.
Names.
When born.
When to be discharged.
Solomon May 1772 May 1802 Dercoss??? February 1782 February 1812 Hannah October 1784 October 1814 Lucy April 1787 April 1817 Sterling April 1789 April 1819 Peter January 1792 January 1822 Joe September 1794 September 1824 Charlotte April 1784 April 1814 Biddy April 1786 April 17th 1816 Mourning 1787 Year Decemb. 25 1817 Winter 1789 Year October 1819 Gabriel 1792 Year March 1822 Lewis May 1794 May 1824 Rainey September 1796 September 1826 Ben February 1799 February 1829 Frank May 1777 May 1807 Hannah May 1779 May 1809 Thornton July 1781 July 1811 Henry December 1786 December 1816 Milly February 1789 February 1819 Rinley??? September 1791 September 1821 Frederick October 1793 October 1823 Frank April 1795 April 1825 Ben May 15th 1782 May 15th 1812 Luke July 1784 July 1814 Nat March 1789 March 1819 Isaac March 1788 March 1818 Alace April 1790 April 1820 Betty August 1775 August 1805 Beck June 1795 June 1825 Phil May 1797 May 1827 Ned Abrey August 9th 1799 August 9th 1829 Critty March 1777 March 1807 Sall October 1778 October 1808 Janey February 1784 April 1814 Hester November 1786 November 1816 Patience March 1783 March 1813 Milton April 1785 April 1815 Anderson May 1787 May 1817 Clarissa June 1789 June 1819 Caroline July 1792 July 1822
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Names.
When born.
When to be discharged.
Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year
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Names.
When born.
When to be discharged.
Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year In all 115.
_________
List of NEROES in the possession of Isaac W. Pleasants, held under the *** of John & Jonathan Pleasants; whose ages were acertained by Thomas Pleasants, James Pleasants, William Mosely and Frederick Woodson, on the 19th Day of Aug. 1799.
Persons above the age of 45 years.
_________
Persons between 30 and 45 years old. Janey 1, Phillis 2, Hannah 3, invalids, Peter 4.
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Persons born of mothers under 30 years old and entitled to freedom at that age.
Names.
When born.
When to be discharged.
Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year The above lists was taken agreeable to a decree of the High Court of Chancery. Given underour hands the day and year above written.
William Moseley, Frederick Woodson,
James Pleasants, Thomas Pleasants.
__________
List of Negroes in possession of Robert Cary Pleasants, and formerly possession of Charles & Mary Logan, held under the wills of John & Jonathan Pleasants, whose ages were ascertained by William Moseley, William Bentley & Frederick Woodson, commisioners by the High Court of Chancery for that purpose, August 23rd, 1799.
Persons above 45 years old.
Tom 1, Pompey 2, Will 3, Cato 4, Ned 5, Doll 6, Rachel 7, Amy 8, Jacob 9, Ned Gwin 10, Billy 11, Sarah 12, Richard Sharp 13, Nat 14.
___________
Persons between 30 and 45 years old.
Nelly 1, Fanny 2, John Grey 3, Rachel Grey 4, David 5, Jessee 6, Mirtilla 7, Easter 8, Grace 9, Bob (son of Judy) 10, Sam Binns 11, Mirtilla 12, Mary 13, Mourning 14, Caesar 15.
___________
Persons born after their mothers were 30 years old.
Anthony 1, Arthur 2, Louisa 3, Emmily 4, Ned 5, Daniel 6, Bob Grey 7, Paul Grey 8, Tarlton 9, Bartley 10, Critty 11, Sukey (a cripple) 12, Charlotte 13, Milly 14, Billy 15, Sally 16, Jack 17, Tom 18, Ursula 19, Moses 20, Jack 21, Mirtilla 22, Jesse 23, Kesiah 24, Frederick 25, Tom 26, Doctor 27, John 28, Rachel 29, Sally 30, Gaby 31, Winny 32, Dicy(???) 33, Elijiah 34, Caesar 35, Mourning Woodson 36, Fanny Woodson 37, Sam Woodson 38, Joseph Woodson 39, Lewis Moseley 40, Letty Mosely 41, Sterling 42, Peter 43, Frank 44.
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Persons born of mothers under 30 years old and entitled to freedom at that age.
Names.
When born.
When to be discharged.
Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year Name Month Year Month Year
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See also
References
- ↑ Please footnote sources.
External links
- Read this book in Google Books.
