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            "604": {
                "pageid": 604,
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                "title": "Recherches Historiques et Politiques sur les \u00c9tats-Unis de l'Am\u00e9rique Septentrionale",
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                        "*": "{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Recherches Historiques Et Politiques Sur Les \u00c9tats-Unis De l'Am\u00e9rique Septentrionale''}}\n===by Filippo Mazzei===\n__NOTOC__\n{{BookPageInfoBox\n|imagename=MazzeiRecherchesHistoriques1788.jpg\n|link=https://wm.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01COWM_INST/g9pr7p/alma991012383649703196\n|shorttitle=Recherches Historiques Et Politiques Sur Les \u00c9tats-Unis De l'Am\u00e9rique Septentrionale\n|author=[[:Category:Filippo Mazzei|Filippo Mazzei]]\n|edition=First\n|lang=[[:Category:French|French]]\n|publoc=[[:Category:Paris|A Colle et se trouve a Paris]]\n|publisher=Chez Froull\u00e9, libraire\n|year=1788\n|set=4\n|desc=[[:Category:Octavos|8vo]] (21 cm.)\n|shelf=C-1\n}}[[File:MazzeiRecherchesHistoriquesEtPolitiques1788V1Headpiece.jpg|left|thumb|350px|<center>Headpiece, first page of text, volume one.</center>]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filippo_Mazzei Filippo Mazzei] (1730-1816) was born in Tuscany to a tradesman. He studied medicine in Florence and took his first trip to England in 1756 as a ship\u2019s doctor. He remained in London for the next sixteen years and then moved to America to pursue a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viticulture viticulture] enterprise. Mazzei arrived in Virginia in 1773 and purchased property near [[Thomas Jefferson]]\u2019s Monticello. He cultivated relationships with Jefferson and other prominent Virginians, and was appointed in 1779 as Virginia\u2019s agent in Europe by Governor [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Henry Patrick Henry]. Upon his return to Virginia, Mazzei moved his estate to Richmond where he organized the Constitutional Society, a group of pamphleteers meant to promote liberty by publishing papers on public policy.<ref>Stanley J. Idzerda, \"[http://www.anb.org/articles/03/03-00595.html Mazzei, Philip]\" in ''American National Biography Online'', accessed November 2,  2013.</ref>  \n\nMazzei sought a position in the American government but was denied because he was not a citizen. He permanently returned to Europe in 1785 and assisted Jefferson with his post as minister in Paris. Mazzei published various works throughout his lifetime in Virginian newspapers and Italian journals, signing them, \"Philip Mazzei, Citizen of the United States of America.\"<ref>Ibid.</ref> Thomas Jefferson was especially influenced by Mazzei\u2019s works and is known to have used an excerpt from one of Mazzei\u2019s articles in his own writing.<ref>Ibid.</ref> Mazzei reviewed a rough draft of the [[Declaration of Independence]]<ref>''Thomas Jefferson Encyclopedia'', s.v. \"[http://www.monticello.org/site/research-and-collections/philip-mazzei Mazzei, Philip],\" accessed November 2, 2013.</ref> and is credited with the phrase, \u201call men are created equal.\u201d<ref>[http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-103hjres175eh/pdf/BILLS-103hjres175eh.pdf H.R.J. Res. 175], 103d Cong. (1994), 2.</ref> Mazzei\u2019s contributions to the American cause were first officially recognized in 1980 when the U.S. Postal Service issued a stamp entitled, \"Philip Mazzei, Patriot Remembered.\u201d<ref>''U.S. Stamp Gallery'', s.v. \"[http://www.usstampgallery.com/view.php?id=5842d61e7d7b7bcb645c0c16b0dbe3c62b457ba0 Philip Mazzei],\" accessed November 2, 2013.</ref> \n{{BookPageBookplate\n|imagename=MazzeiRecherchesHistoriquesEtPolitiques1788V2Bookplate.jpg\n|display=left\n|caption=Bookplate of Augustus Thorndike, front pastedown, volume two.\n}}\nIn 1788, while in Paris, Mazzei published the four-volume work ''Recherches Historiques et Politiques sur les \u00c9tats-Unis'' to promote the American cause. In it, Mazzei outlines the history of the American colonies, the causes of the revolution, and the economy and government of the United States. Also discussed are Indians, slavery, emigration, and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_the_Cincinnati Society of the Cincinnati]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumas_Malone Dumas Malone] characterized the set as \"probably the most reliable of all the works of the period on the United States.<ref>Dumas Malone, ''Jefferson and His Time'', vol. 2, ''Jefferson and the Rights of Man'' (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1951), 109.</ref>\n\n==Evidence for Inclusion in Wythe's Library==\nListed in the [[Jefferson Inventory]] of [[Wythe's Library]] as ''Etats Unis de Mazzei. 4.v. in 3. 8vo.'' and given by [[Thomas Jefferson]] to his son-in-law [[Thomas Mann Randolph]]. Both the [https://digitalarchive.wm.edu/handle/10288/13433 Brown Bibliography]<ref>Bennie Brown, \"The Library of George Wythe of Williamsburg and Richmond,\" (unpublished manuscript, May, 2012) Microsoft Word file. Earlier edition available at: https://digitalarchive.wm.edu/handle/10288/13433.</ref> and [http://www.librarything.com/profile/GeorgeWythe George Wythe's Library]<ref>''LibraryThing'', s.v. \"[http://www.librarything.com/profile/GeorgeWythe Member: George Wythe],\" accessed on April 21, 2013.</ref> on LibraryThing list the first edition of this title as the one intended by Jefferson's entry. The Wolf Law Library acquired a copy of the first edition for the [[George Wythe Collection]].\n[[File:MazzeiRecherchesHistoriquesEtPolitiques1788V4Inscription.jpg|left|thumb|250px|<center>Inscription, front free endpaper, volume four.</center>]]\n==Description of the Wolf Law Library's copy==\nBound in original plum boards and neatly rebacked in calf. Each volume inscribed \"Gist Blair from the Library of Charles Levi Woodbury, 1900\" on the front free endpaper. All volumes also include the bookplate of Augustus Thorndike on the front pastedown. Purchased from G.S. MacManus Co.\n\nImages of the library's copy of this book are [https://www.flickr.com/photos/wolflawlibrary/albums/72157637699436443 available on Flickr.] View the record for this book in [https://wm.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01COWM_INST/g9pr7p/alma991012383649703196 William & Mary's online catalog.]\n\n==See also==\n<div style=\"overflow: hidden;\">\n*[[George Wythe Room]]\n*[[Jefferson Inventory]]\n*[[Wythe to Philip Mazzei, 10 August 1785]]\n*[[Wythe's Library]]\n</div>\n\n==References==\n<references/>\n\n==External Links==\nRead volume three of this title in [http://books.google.com/books?id=I6Y6AAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover Google Books].\n\n[[Category:American History]]\n[[Category:Filippo Mazzei]]\n[[Category:George Wythe Collection at William & Mary's Wolf Law Library]]\n[[Category:Thomas Mann Randolph's Books]]\n[[Category:Titles in Wythe's Library]]\n\n[[Category:French]]\n[[Category:Octavos]]\n[[Category:Paris]]"
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            "634": {
                "pageid": 634,
                "ns": 0,
                "title": "Registrum Brevium",
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                        "*": "{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Registrum Brevium tam Originalium, quam Judicialium''}}\n===ascribed to Ralph de Hengham===\n__NOTOC__\n{{BookPageInfoBox\n|imagename=RegistrumBrevium1687TitlePage.jpg\n|link=https://wm.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01COWM_INST/g9pr7p/alma991023500739703196\n|shorttitle=Registrum Brevium\n|author=[[:Category:Ralph de Hengham|Ralph de Hengham]]\n|publoc=[[:Category:London|London]]\n|publisher=Printed by the assigns of Richard and Edward Atkins, esquires, for Thomas Bassett ...\n|year=1687\n|edition=Fourth\n|lang=[[:Category:Latin|Latin]]\n|pages=[8], 321, 85 leaves, 59, 239\n|desc=[[:Category:Folios|Folio]] (32 cm.)\n|shelf=K-5\n}}[[File:HenghamRegistrumBrevium1687InitialCapital.jpg|left|thumb|200px|<center>Initial capital, first page of text.</center>]]\"It is doubtful whether any book used by mediaeval practitioners had greater importance in the history of [English] law than the collection of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writ writs] known as ''Registrum Brevium''.\"<ref>Percy H. Winfield, ''The Chief Sources of English Legal History'' (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1925), 298.</ref> Loosely translated \"The Register of Writs,\" there were many printed editions and innumerable manuscript editions, few of which are precisely the same.<ref>Ibid.</ref> First printed in 1531 by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Rastell William Rastell], it reached a fourth edition in 1687. \n\nThe 1687 edition is attributed to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_de_Hengham Sir Ralph de Hengham] (1235 &ndash; 1311),<ref>J. G. Marvin, ''Legal Bibliography or a Thesaurus of American, English, Irish, and Scotch Law Books'' (Philadelphia: T. & J. W. Johnson, Law Booksellers, 1847), 605.</ref> the first chief justice to explain the general point of law involved in each case for the benefit of students.<ref>Paul Brand, \"[http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/12924 Hengham, Ralph (b. in or before 1235, d. 1311)]\" in ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', accessed November 14, 2013.</ref> He also authored several lectures on a variety of law topics.<ref>Ibid.</ref>\n\nHengham served as a court clerk, but was rapidly appointed to his own judicial office in 1271.<ref>Ibid.</ref> Eventually he was promoted from the common bench to become chief justice of the court of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Court_of_King%27s_Bench_%28England%29 King\u2019s Bench] in 1274.<ref>Ibid.</ref> Hengham was dismissed from office in 1289 on corruption charges.<ref>Winfield, ''The Chief Sources of English Legal History'', 274.</ref> Hengham regained the King\u2019s favor in 1300 when he was appointed as an [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assizes Assize] judge.<ref>Brand, \u201cHengham, Ralph.\"</ref> He rejoined the King\u2019s council by the end of that year. When the chief justice of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Court_of_Common_Pleas_%28England%29 common bench] died in the summer of 1301, Hengham replaced him and served in that position until 1309.<ref>Ibid.</ref>\n\n==Evidence for Inclusion in Wythe's Library==\nListed in the [[Jefferson Inventory]] of [[Wythe's Library]] as ''Registrum brevium fol.'' and given by [[Thomas Jefferson]] to [[Dabney Carr]].  The University of Virginia owns a copy of the fourth (1687) edition with the inscription \"Given by Thos. Jefferson to D. Carr\". Both the [https://digitalarchive.wm.edu/handle/10288/13433 Brown Bibliography]<ref> Bennie Brown, \"The Library of George Wythe of Williamsburg and Richmond,\" (unpublished manuscript, May, 2012) Microsoft Word file. Earlier edition available at: https://digitalarchive.wm.edu/handle/10288/13433.</ref> and [http://www.librarything.com/profile/GeorgeWythe George Wythe's Library]<ref>''LibraryThing'', s.v. \"[http://www.librarything.com/profile/GeorgeWythe Member: George Wythe],\" accessed on September 16, 2013.</ref> on LibraryThing include the 1647 edition based on the University of Virginia copy. The Wolf Law Library moved a copy of this edition from the general rare books collection to the [[George Wythe Collection]].\n\n==Description of the Wolf Law Library's copy==\nRebound in period-style full calf. The title page includes signatures and annotations.\n\nImages of the library's copy of this book are [https://www.flickr.com/photos/wolflawlibrary/albums/72157637877442514 available on Flickr.] View the record for this book in [https://wm.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01COWM_INST/g9pr7p/alma991023500739703196 William & Mary's online catalog.]\n\n===Full text===\n*[http://lawlibrary.wm.edu/wythepedia/library/RegistrumBrevium1687.pdf ''Registrum Brevium''] (99MB PDF)\n\n==See also==\n*[[George Wythe Room]]\n*[[Jefferson Inventory]]\n*[[Wythe's Library]]\n\n==References==\n<references/>\n\n==External Links==\n*Read this book in [http://books.google.com/books?id=MJg0AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover Google Books.]\n\n[[Category:Dabney Carr's Books]]\n[[Category:English Law]]\n[[Category:George Wythe Collection at William & Mary's Wolf Law Library]]\n[[Category:Probable Surviving Wythe Volumes]]\n[[Category:Ralph de Hengham]]\n[[Category:Titles in Wythe's Library]]\n\n[[Category:Folios]]\n[[Category:Latin]]\n[[Category:London]]"
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